Revolver ‘38” Webley/Enfield    

T

he Great War saw Britain and her allies armed with revolvers rather than the self loading pistol such as the Luger. In the dreadful conditions of trench warfare, the revolver was more reliable in almost every respect than the SLP.

Revolver .455

(Wrongly but commonly known as the automatic). The rugged Webley in ‘455” a hinged frame, self extracting revolver that fired a man stopping ‘455” round did everything that it was required to do. However, the tremendous losses, especially of officers who went over the top in front of their men, who generally carried the revolver, meant that orders had to be placed with Smith and Western and Colt to keep up with the demands for dreadful losses. It was however, the Webley, that proved its worth in the dreadful conditions of trench warfare. However, the ‘455” was a big round and the slightly built men found it a bit of a handful to become proficient in its use. For that reason when trials were conducted between the wars for a replacement revolver, a new calibre of ‘38” x 200 was decided upon. The 200 grain bullet gave almost comparable stopping power to the ‘455” but reduced weight of the new revolver plus its reduced calibre made training and proficiency far easier. Hence, the hinged frame Enfield revolver No 2 Mark 1 became our official revolver from around 1936 onwards. This has to be questioned from a technical point of view because Webley were always considered to be our revolver makers. The Royal Small Arms factory at Enfield “slightly modified” the Webley design and as in so, many “political” reasons, Enfield were given the contract for the new revolver. Enfield However, when war came in 1939, Enfield could not produce the revolver so Webley were given the task of manufacturing the ’38” revolver instead! The Mark 4 Webley along with the Enfield proved to be rugged and generally, very well made.

However, it proved almost impossible to find ammunition manufacturers who could make the ‘38” X 200 grain bulleted round for these revolvers in this country. Hence, we went to America for supplies of ‘38” ammunition. They could not make the 200 grain bullet but agreed to make their 145 grain bulleted round known as the ‘38” Smith and Weston. Hence, our revolvers throughout the war used a very under powered round that resulted in loss of faith in our revolvers. As you might know, a revolvers ammunition is loaded into a revolving cylinder, hence its name, for the cylinder to turn, there needs to be a gap between the front face of the cylinder and the rear face of the barrel. Hence, when it is fired a lot of blast blows out of this gap resulting in less power to drive the bullet up the barrel. With an underpowered round to start with any loss of power proved to be obvious with the lack of ability to disable the enemy. Coupled with the almost standardization of the 9mm round used in the Sten, Lanchester, Patchett and the Browning pistol, the supply of another calibre proved to be difficult at best, and sometimes impossible. There is no doubt that the revolver generally is far more reliable in adverse conditions than the self loading pistol.

Revolver .38

However, the ‘38” revolver cartridge case has a projecting rim while the ammunition in the machine carbine and self loading pistol is “rimless”, the extractor groove being machined into the parallel sided case as opposed to the projecting rim used in a revolver. A rimmed case is harder to manufacture than rimless. During the war, there was a gradual turnover to the 9mm pistol Browning a 13 shot self loading pistol firing the same round as the Sten thereby standardizing the supply of ammunition. However, the reliability of the revolver over the self loading has not gone un-noticed around the world and both the Webley and

 

Webley Revovler

Turrets and Tracks